Article author:
Reuters
Andre Cabet Fabio, Thomson Reuters Foundation
* Under investigation killing of Dom Phillips and Bruno Pereira
* Data are murders in the Amazon region of Brazil Shows rising rates
* Criticized by the Bolsonaro government for promoting crime
Andre Cabet Fabio
Rio de Janeiro, July 1 Japan (Thomson Reuters Foundation) – Brazilian indigenous expert Bruno Pereira and British murder journalist Dom Phillips spotlight the rise in violence in Brazil's Amazon region, with several experts Jair・ He accuses President Bolsonaro's government of promoting crime.
On June 5, the pair went missing during a research trip in the remote Javanese Valley. Approximately 10 days after the fisherman confessed to the killing, the body was recovered from the jungle tomb. They, Amarildo da Costa, led the police there.
The region near the border between Peru and Colombia is Brazil's second largest indigenous territory, and in recent years the threat of illegal poaching, fishing, logging, gold mining and drug trafficking gangs has increased. Facing
Studies show that such environmental and drug crimes have recently seen record levels of deforestation in the Amazon rainforesthttps://www.reuters.com/business/environment/brazils-amazon-deforestation-sets-first-quarter-record-despite-march-dip-2022-04-08だけでなく、殺人率の上昇にも貢献していることが示されています。
this week. Newly released data show that the northern part of Brazil, which is primarily covered by the Amazon, has seen an increase in murders last year as police prepare to reconstruct the killings of Pereira and Phillips.
Annual report by the Brazilian Public Security Forum, a non-profit organizationhttps://forumseguranca.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/anuario-2022.pdf?v=4によると、北部地域の殺人率は2021年に62％上昇しましたが、国全体の殺人率は9.3％低下しました。
Last year, there were 6,291 murders in the region, up from 5,758 in 2020. Of the 30 most dangerous cities in Brazil, 13 are in the Amazon.
If northern Brazil is a country, homicide rates of 33 per 100,000 are the 11th most dangerous in the world after countries such as Mexico, Colombia and Nigeria, according to Statista data.https://www.statista.com/statistics/262963/ranking-the-20-countries-with-the-most-murders-per-100-000-inhabitants.
Individual statistics from the Idyllic Land Commission, an advocacy group related to the Catholic Churchhttps://www.cptnacional.org.br/publicacao/category/3-cadernoconflitosは、アマゾンが支配をめぐる地方の土地紛争に起因する403人の死亡の77％を占めたことを示しています
Indigenous leaders, activists, Researchers and prosecutors told the Thomson Reuters Foundation that they believed that the far-right Bolsonaro administration's policy-making contributed to the increase in killings and crime.
Since Bolsonaro came to power in 2019, he has sought to encourage commercial use of Amazon's protected indigenous lands and reduce environmental protection.
Land invaders "feel strengthened with discourse in favor of legalizing artisanal mining on indigenous territories," he said. Ivo Macuxi, a member of the Macuxi people, said. Lolaima Indigenous Lawyer (CIR) lawyer.
"This has increased the invasion of indigenous peoples into the territory," he added, adding that an environmental crime occurred and the CIR coordinator was threatened with murder by the miners.
The Chief of Staff of Funai, the government agency responsible for the Ministry of Justice and Public Safety, the Ministry of the Environment, the Federal Police, and the protection of indigenous peoples, did not respond to requests for comment.
Incentives for illegality
In the 1990s, the Amazon region of Brazil was relatively safe compared to other countries, despite record levels of deforestation at the time.http://terrabrasilis.dpi.inpe.br/app/dashboard/deforestation/biomes/legal_amazon/rates.
However, since 1999, homicide rates have risen sharply in the Amazon states, and since 2007, a survey published last year in the Amazon 2030 survey {136. }
Studies have shown high homicide rates in some parts of the Amazon as researchers have identified greater threats to illegal logging, mining and deforestation.
"The logic is simple. In illegal markets, there are misunderstandings and controversies that state agencies cannot resolve," said Rodrigo Soares of the Institute for Education (Insper).
"We know that Amazon's surveillance, which acts as an incentive for illegal activity (under Bolsonaro), has been dismantled to some extent," said Soares, who oversaw the investigation. Added. ..
According to the Council of Indigenous Missionaries (CIMI), in the first two years of the Bolsonaro administration, indigenous violence against Brazilians and illegal invasion of their lands have nearly doubled since two years ago. became.
Gold, one of the most illegally mined minerals in the Amazonhttps://www.indexmundi.com/commodities/?commodity=gold&months=360や、スズhttps://www.indexmundi.com/commodities/?commodity=tin&months=360や牛肉https://www.indexmundi.com/commodities/?commodity=beef&months=360などの商品の記録的な価格から、さまざまな要因によって燃料が供給されています。専門家や研究によると、拡大し続ける麻薬取引。
"Facções" (organized inside and outside the Brazilian prison system The Crime Network) is increasing its presence in the Amazon in an attempt to manage cocaine transport routes, according to the Brazilian Public Security Forum.
Drug trafficking and environmental crime have been found to contribute to the rise in homicide rates in the Amazon.
Government inaction
This month, Indigenistas Associados (INA), representing Funai's agent for the protection of indigenous peoples, criticized the treatment of the Bolsonaro government and was an agency. "Anti-Indigenous Peoples"https://news.trust.org/item/20220614024644-p0b6i.
Documents co-published by INAhttps://www.inesc.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Fundacao-anti-indigena_Inesc_INA.pdfは、ボルソナロの選挙以来、フナイのキャリアエージェント（その中の故ペレイラ）は辞任され、経験の少ない人々に取って代わられたと述べた先住民族の問題の。
Funai said the agency was "legal, impartial and moral." Act strictly according to the principles of. "
Pereira was removed from his role in 2019 shortly after dismantling illegal mining operations in the Yanomami Indigenous Reserve.
And in 2020, two federal police officers were dismissed from senior positions after arresting an illegal logger during an investigation by then-Minister of the Environment Ricardo Salles.
Researchers and the Brazilian media have recorded more than 12 such cases of state employees being removed from work.
Prosecutor Allison Margar, who focuses on minority rights, said the government only carried out major law enforcement activities in the Yanomami Reserve after the judicial decision urged it to do so. Said.
"There is a clear choice in the state not to fight this kind of crime," he said. Prosecutors also said they had observed higher levels of violence in the Amazon, especially as illegal mining first spread to more indigenous areas.
Margar recalled that he visited the Yanomami Reserve in May. There, illegal miners provided one indigenous community with 50 shotguns and another group demanded another 80 weapons.
"It was a situation where each community was armed to protect themselves," he said.
Paiter Surui's indigenous youth leader Txai Surui understands the threat of violence and the reality of murder in the Amazon.
"My people and my family have always been threatened," said a speech at the COP26 UN Climate Change Conference last year in Scotlandhttps://www.bbc.com/portuguese/brasil-59213035を行った24歳の女性は言いました。
"In April 2020, Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau (people), defenders of the forest, were killed," she added.
Police are expanding their investigation into the killings of Pereira and Phillips, but more than two years have passed since Ali Ul You Wow Wow was found dead in the state of Rondônia in the Amazon. It has passed. Head. The case remains unresolved.
First published:https://news.trust.org/item/20220701130212-bhkpi/（Andre Report by Cabette Fabio, edited by Kieran Guilbert. (Recognize the achievements of the Thomson Reuters Foundation, a charity of Thomson Reuters. Visithttp://news.trust.org/climate))
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