In a new study, the University of Ottawa's Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health (ICBH) has discovered "large gaps in research" on different types of cancer affecting Black communities in Canada.
After conducting a meta-analysis of medical literature, the researchers behind the study found no data pertaining to Black communities on the 20 most common types of cancer in Canada.
"What we found is ... a real gap when we compared [cancer] research within Black communities and research within other communities," said Jude Mary Cénat, an associate professor at the University of Ottawa's School of Psychology and ICBH director.
The study focused on different types of cancer including breast, cervical, colorectal, gastric, lung and prostate cancers among Black individuals. The researchers looked for data on incidence, stage of cancer at diagnosis, type of care received and other factors.
According to Cénat, they found "racial disparities" related to screening for certain cancers, affecting the quality of health care received by Black people.
By comparison, Cénat said, thanks to research conducted in the U.S., breast cancer is known to be more aggressive in Black women than in white women. As a result, health-care guidelines in that country have been modified to call for earlier screening for Black women.
"Without research, the care cannot be adapted ... [and] we cannot put in place prevention measures that are adapted to people from Black communities," he said, adding that there is an urgent need for similar data in Canada.
A systemic problem
The study also found that members of Black communities are less likely than their white counterparts to voluntarily get screened for cancers. As a result, they tend to receive diagnoses later, increasing mortality rates in those communities.
According to Godlove Ngwafusi, a spokesperson for the African Canadian Association of Ottawa, that hesitancy is due to a deeply ingrained fear of the health-care system within Black communities.
"The same fear about reporting crimes to police that happened to you, is the same fear about getting to the medical system that definitely discriminates against you," he said.
Ngwafusi said that fear is compounded by a general lack of awareness within Black communities, which is due to the absence of research into how different cancers affect them.
"There's a big hairy health monster out there that negatively impacts the Black communities disproportionately," he said. "I call that deliberate data discrimination."
Ngwafusi, who likened the study's findings to the lack of data on Black communities and COVID-19 during the early days of the pandemic, said the failure to invest in such research is "a sad reflection of negligence" on the part of the health-care system.
"Clearly, there's a systemic issue here," said Gwen Madiba, founder of non-profit Equal Chance and a member of the Black Canadian Homeless Foundation.
Madiba said many Black Canadians from low-income families lack the time to prioritize their health, and the lack of data denies them of an "equal chance" to get the health care they need.
"It's showing that we're navigating through systems that are not always made for us. That's very damaging," she said. "People need to know that they need to go and get screened."
It recommends that "federal and provincial governments and universities should consider creating special funds to generate research on this important health issue."