Since the start of Israel's offensive in Gaza following the Hamas attack on October 7, 2023, more than 100,000 Palestinians have crossed into Egypt. Despite this influx, Egypt has not officially accepted refugees from the Gaza Strip, leaving many in a precarious situation.
Khaled Shabir, a 29-year-old Palestinian, entered Egypt in March 2024 after surviving an Israeli bombing that killed his parents. Like many others, Shabir had to pay a substantial fee to a company with reported ties to Egyptian authorities to secure passage. This financial burden is significant, considering that the Gaza Strip has one of the highest population densities in the world and limited economic opportunities.
Palestinians arriving in Egypt face unique challenges. Without official refugee status, they are ineligible for most international aid typically provided to refugees. This leaves them dependent on local support and their own resources. Egypt's current economic crisis, with inflation rates reaching record highs, further complicates their situation.
Nagham, a 23-year-old college student, shared her experience:
The lack of official residency documents prevents many Palestinians from accessing essential services such as public education, healthcare, and employment opportunities. This situation is particularly challenging for children who may miss out on schooling.
International organizations have provided limited assistance. The Palestinian Embassy in Cairo reported that only three international organizations have offered aid, reaching a small portion of those in need. This gap in support has led to the emergence of local grassroots initiatives.
One such initiative, "For the People," launched in November 2023, has supported over 1,200 Palestinians with food and cash assistance for rent. However, these efforts can only go so far in addressing the complex needs of those who have fled conflict.
The situation is further complicated by Egypt's historical stance on Palestinian refugees. Since 1978, Egypt has refrained from recognizing Palestinians as refugees, instead referring to them as "guests" or "siblings." This policy, along with Egypt's opposition to establishing a UNRWA operational office in Cairo, has limited the support available to Palestinians.
Despite these challenges, some Palestinians have found ways to contribute to their new community. Abdullah Abu al-Aoun, who fled Gaza with his family in February 2024, opened a restaurant in Cairo and has hired fellow Palestinians. Such efforts demonstrate the resilience of the community in the face of adversity.
As the conflict in Gaza continues, more Palestinians are expected to seek safety in Egypt. Without a change in policy or increased international support, they face an uncertain future, struggling to rebuild their lives in a country grappling with its own economic challenges.