East Timor, one of the world's youngest nations, is set to commemorate a significant milestone in its history. On August 30, 2024, the country will mark the 25th anniversary of its historic vote for independence from Indonesia. The occasion will be graced by the presence of United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, highlighting the international community's continued support for this small Southeast Asian nation.
The commemorations in the capital city of Dili will include a parliamentary session, a public march, and addresses by key figures. Prime Minister Xanana Gusmao and President Jose Ramos-Horta, both instrumental in the independence movement, will deliver speeches alongside Guterres. A minute of silence will be observed to honor those who lost their lives during the struggle for nationhood.
East Timor's journey to independence has been marked by significant challenges. The country, officially known as the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, occupies the eastern half of Timor island. Its history is characterized by centuries of Portuguese colonization, followed by a brief period of independence in 1975 before Indonesian invasion and occupation. The Indonesian rule lasted for 24 years and was marked by widespread violence and human rights abuses.
The turning point came in 1999 when the United Nations organized a landmark referendum. Over 78% of Timorese voted for independence, despite intimidation and violence from pro-Indonesian militias. In the aftermath of the vote, these militias unleashed a campaign of destruction, resulting in approximately 1,000 deaths and widespread infrastructure damage.
Guterres, who served as Portugal's Prime Minister from 1995 to 2002, played a role in East Timor's path to independence. He recalled the intense diplomatic efforts of that period, mentioning "long days, late night phone calls and endless discussions" with Ramos-Horta, who was then the country's de-facto foreign minister in exile.
"Independence was not the end. It was a new beginning that called for unity and resolve for new trials and challenges to come. Now, less than a generation later, I stand here as witness to a nation that prevailed. A nation at peace and in harmony with its neighbours. A thriving democracy."
Today, East Timor faces the challenge of diversifying its oil-and-gas-dependent economy and nurturing a new generation of leaders. With a population of 1.3 million, the country is working to improve healthcare, education, and infrastructure. It's also seeking to join the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to strengthen regional ties.
As East Timor reflects on its past and looks to the future, the anniversary serves as a reminder of the nation's resilience and the ongoing work required to build a prosperous and stable democracy in Southeast Asia.