Portugal

Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country located on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe, whose territory also includes the Macaronesian archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira. It features the westernmost point in continental Europe; its mainland west and south border with the North Atlantic Ocean; and in the north and east, the Portugal-Spain border, which constitutes the longest uninterrupted border line in the European Union. Portugal is the oldest nation-state in Europe. Founded in 1143, its current borders were established in mid-13th century, making them some of the most ancient in Europe and the world. Its archipelagos form two autonomous regions with their own regional governments. On the mainland, the Alentejo region occupies the biggest area but is one of the least densely populated regions of Europe. Lisbon is the capital and largest city by population, and it is also the main spot for tourists alongside Porto, the Douro Valley, the Minho and Algarve regions, and Madeira.

Some of the key events about Portugal

1139
Kingdom of Portugal was established
1415
Portuguese Age of Discovery began with the conquest of Ceuta
1498
Sea route to India was discovered
1500
Brazil was discovered, expanding Portuguese empire
1580
Portugal entered a dynastic union with Spain, losing independence for 60 years
1755
Lisbon was rebuilt after a devastating earthquake, showcasing Enlightenment urban planning
1755
A massive earthquake and tsunami devastated Lisbon
1807
Napoleonic forces invaded Portugal, forcing the royal family to flee to Brazil
1822
Brazil peacefully gained independence from Portugal
1910
Portuguese monarchy was overthrown, establishing the First Republic
1910
Regicide of King Carlos I and Crown Prince Luís Filipe occurred
1926
Military coup ended the First Republic, leading to the Estado Novo dictatorship
1961
Indian forces annexed Goa, ending Portuguese rule in India
1974
Carnation Revolution ended the authoritarian Estado Novo regime
1974
Decolonization process led to the loss of African colonies and civil wars
1975
Hundreds of thousands of retornados fled from former colonies to Portugal
1986
Portugal joined the European Economic Community (now European Union)
2008
Global financial crisis severely impacted Portuguese economy
2011
Portugal required a €78 billion bailout from the EU and IMF
2016
Portugal won its first major international football trophy, the UEFA Euro 2016

Disclaimer: This material is written based on information taken from open sources, including Wikipedia, news media, podcasts, and other public sources.

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