Grand National Assembly of Turkey
The Grand National Assembly of Turkey, usually referred to simply as the TBMM or Parliament, is the unicameral Turkish legislature. It is the sole body given the legislative prerogatives by the Turkish Constitution. It was founded in Ankara on 23 April 1920 amid the National Campaign. This constitution had founded its pre-government known as 1st Executive Ministers of Turkey in May 1920. The parliament was fundamental in the efforts of Mareşal Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, 1st President of the Republic of Turkey, and his colleagues to found a new state out of the remnants of the Ottoman Empire.
Some of the key events about Grand National Assembly of Turkey
- 1920Established as the first parliament of the newly formed Turkish state
- 1920Passed the Law of Fundamental Organization, which centralized power and limited individual rights
- 1922Abolished the Ottoman Sultanate, ending over 600 years of monarchical rule
- 1923Proclaimed the Republic of Turkey, marking the country's transition to a modern nation-state
- 1924Adopted a new constitution, establishing Turkey as a unitary state with a parliamentary system
- 1924Abolished the Ottoman Caliphate, ending centuries of Islamic religious authority
- 1934Granted full political rights to women, including the right to vote and be elected
- 1934Enacted the Surname Law, forcing minorities to adopt Turkish surnames
- 1938Passed the Law on Associations, restricting civil society organizations
- 1945Transitioned to a multi-party system, allowing for democratic elections
- 1960Approved the execution of former Prime Minister and two other ministers following a military coup
- 1961Adopted a new constitution that expanded civil liberties and established a bicameral legislature
- 1971Amended the constitution to restrict civil liberties after a military memorandum
- 1980Suspended all political parties following a military coup
- 1982Adopted a new constitution that limited democratic freedoms and strengthened state authority
- 1987Lifted the ban on political parties, allowing for greater political participation
- 1994Lifted the parliamentary immunity of several Kurdish deputies, leading to their arrest
- 2002Abolished the death penalty in peacetime as part of reforms to join the European Union
- 2004Passed comprehensive reforms to improve human rights and align with EU standards
- 2016Approved constitutional amendments expanding presidential powers, criticized for undermining democracy
Disclaimer: This material is written based on information taken from open sources, including Wikipedia, news media, podcasts, and other public sources.
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