On December 1, 2024, Claudia Sheinbaum made history by becoming Mexico's first female president in over two centuries since the country gained independence in 1821. The 62-year-old scientist-turned-politician secured a landslide victory in June 2024, garnering nearly 60% of the votes. Her ascension to the presidency marks a significant milestone in Mexican politics, reflecting the evolving landscape of leadership in Latin America.
Sheinbaum inherits a nation grappling with multifaceted challenges. The new president faces pressing issues, including persistent violence, economic stagnation, and the aftermath of natural disasters. One of her immediate priorities is addressing the situation in Acapulco, a coastal resort devastated by Hurricane Otis in October 2023 and recently battered again by Hurricane John in late November 2024.
The incoming president has pledged to maintain the social policies of her predecessor, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, who took office on December 1, 2018. His administration focused on the motto "For the good of all, first the poor," implementing extensive social programs and constitutional reforms. However, Sheinbaum's leadership style is expected to differ from her mentor's charismatic approach, with analysts suggesting she will need to prioritize effectiveness over charisma.
One of the most pressing concerns for the new administration is the escalating drug-related violence. The situation in Culiacan, Sinaloa, has become particularly volatile following the apprehension of drug lords Ismael Zambada and Joaquín Guzmán López in the United States on July 25, 2024. This incident has sparked intense factional fighting within the Sinaloa cartel, highlighting the limitations of the previous administration's non-confrontational approach to drug cartels.
Sheinbaum also faces significant economic challenges. Mexico, currently the 15th largest economy globally by nominal GDP, is grappling with a substantial budget deficit, unfinished infrastructure projects, and the financial strain of extensive social programs. These economic pressures could potentially impact financial markets and require careful management.
In the realm of international relations, the upcoming U.S. presidential election on November 5, 2024, looms large. The possibility of Donald Trump's return to the White House raises concerns about potential trade disputes and immigration policies that could significantly affect Mexico. The relationship between the two countries has already been strained, with the previous administration putting relations with the U.S. embassy "on pause" following criticism of proposed judicial reforms.
Despite these challenges, there is optimism for U.S.-Mexico relations under Sheinbaum's leadership. At a reception on December 4, 2024, U.S. First Lady Jill Biden expressed hope for continued cooperation:
"Under Dr. Sheinbaum's presidency I know we will continue to build a more prosperous, safe and democratic region — and take the steps in our U.S.-Mexico partnership."
Sheinbaum's background as an energy engineer with a Ph.D. suggests potential for a renewed focus on climate change issues. This could mark a shift from her predecessor's emphasis on fossil fuel infrastructure, although budget constraints may limit her ability to implement significant changes immediately.
As Mexico's first female president, Sheinbaum's election is symbolically powerful. It showcases the progress made in gender representation in Mexican politics, a country with a rich history dating back to ancient civilizations like the Maya and Aztec. However, experts caution against unrealistic expectations, emphasizing that the challenges facing Mexico require sustained effort and cannot be solved overnight.
Sheinbaum takes the helm of a nation that is not only the world's largest producer of silver but also boasts 35 UNESCO World Heritage Sites. With a population of approximately 130 million, making it the 10th most populous country globally, Mexico faces the task of balancing its rich cultural heritage with the demands of modern governance. As she begins her term, all eyes will be on how Sheinbaum navigates these complex domestic and international challenges while potentially charting a new course for Mexico's future.