Amazon Wildfires Choke Brazil, Residents Struggle with Unprecedented Smoke

In Brazil, residents are grappling with the severe consequences of widespread wildfires across the Amazon rainforest and other regions. The smoke from these fires is causing significant health issues, with people experiencing respiratory problems and eye irritation.

Fátima Silva, a 60-year-old farmer from Labrea, an Amazonian town, shared her distressing experience: "I am not well. I am feeling short of breath, my throat hurts, my eyes need eye drops." She added that her grandchildren are struggling to sleep due to persistent coughing.

The fires, primarily used for deforestation and pasture management, have led to a substantial increase in fire spots. According to the National Institute for Space Research, the Amazon has seen 53,620 fire spots between January 1 and August 27, 2023, marking an 83% increase from the previous year.

The Amazon rainforest, covering approximately 5.5 million square kilometers, is home to about 10% of the world's known biodiversity. It plays a crucial role in global climate regulation, producing about 20% of the world's oxygen and containing 1/5 of the world's freshwater. However, the recent surge in wildfires threatens this vital ecosystem and the over 30 million people who call it home.

Air quality in many areas of the Amazon has been classified as "very bad" or "terrible" by the State University of Amazonas' environmental monitoring system. Local authorities have recommended staying indoors and keeping hydrated. However, outdoor workers like street vendors and garbage collectors face increased health risks due to prolonged exposure to the smoke.

Jesem Orellana, an epidemiologist and researcher at the state-run Fiocruz Institute, explained that the smoke's impact extends beyond physical health, affecting mental well-being and sleep quality. He noted that while residents typically expect "the smoke of death" in mid-September and October, this year's early onset has prolonged exposure to toxic particles.

"It's not normal. I've lived here for 40 years. We didn't have this before."

The unprecedented nature of the situation is causing alarm among long-time residents. Maria Soledade Barros Silva, who has lived in Manaus for 40 years, observed that even popular recreational areas are now shrouded in thick smog, impacting daily activities and navigation.

The severity of the situation has led to desperate pleas for help from affected residents. As Fátima Silva expressed, "We are asking for help, because we can't live like this anymore."

With approximately 17% of the Amazon rainforest lost in the last 50 years and deforestation contributing to about 8% of global carbon emissions, the current wildfires pose a significant threat not only to local communities but also to global climate efforts. The Amazon, which has existed for at least 55 million years, faces an uncertain future as it continues to bear the brunt of human-induced environmental changes.