Russia has initiated production of a new long-range attack drone called the Garpiya-A1, according to intelligence sources and documents obtained by Reuters. The drone, whose name means "Harpy" in Russian, incorporates Chinese engines and components, marking a significant development in Russia's military capabilities.
Over 2,500 Garpiya drones were reportedly manufactured between July 2023 and July 2024. The production is being carried out by IEMZ Kupol, a subsidiary of Almaz-Antey, one of Russia's largest defense industry companies specializing in air defense systems.
The Garpiya's production site is believed to be a former cement factory in Izhevsk, the capital of the Udmurt Republic, which Kupol acquired in 2020. Izhevsk, often referred to as the "armory of Russia," is renowned for its arms manufacturing industry.
Intelligence sources claim that the Garpiya has been deployed against both military and civilian targets in Ukraine, causing damage to critical infrastructure and resulting in casualties. The drone's development could potentially reduce Russia's reliance on Iranian-made drones, such as the Shahed-136, which have been extensively used in the conflict.
Samuel Bendett, an adjunct senior fellow at the Center for a New American Security, commented on the significance of this development:
"If this is happening, it could indicate that Russia can now rely more on domestic development as well as, obviously, on China, since both sides in this war depend on many Chinese components for drone production."
The Garpiya reportedly shares similarities with the Iranian Shahed drone but has distinctive features, including a unique bolt-on fin and Limbach L-550 E engines. These engines, originally designed by a German company, are now produced in China by Xiamen Limbach.
The involvement of Chinese companies in supplying components for the Garpiya has raised concerns among Western officials. Jens Stoltenberg, NATO Secretary General, recently called on China to cease supporting Russia's war efforts in Ukraine.
Documents reviewed by Reuters reveal that Chinese firms such as Juhang Aviation Technology and Redlepus Vector Industries have been supplying parts for the Garpiya's production. Both companies are based in Shenzhen, a major technology hub in China's Guangdong Province.
The U.S. and UK have imposed sanctions on some Chinese entities involved in supplying drone technology to Russia. In response, China announced plans to tighten its drone export rules starting September 1, 2024.
As the conflict in Ukraine continues, the production of the Garpiya drone underscores the complex web of international relations and technology transfers that fuel modern warfare. The situation highlights the challenges faced by the international community in regulating the flow of dual-use technologies and enforcing sanctions in an increasingly interconnected global economy.