Turkey Mediates Progress in Ethiopia-Somalia Maritime Dispute

In a diplomatic effort to resolve tensions in the Horn of Africa, Turkey has reported significant progress in mediating talks between Ethiopia and Somalia. The dispute, which arose from Ethiopia's controversial agreement with the breakaway region of Somaliland, has seen "notable progress" according to Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan.

The second round of negotiations, held in Ankara on August 12-13, 2024, brought together the foreign ministers of Ethiopia and Somalia under Turkish mediation. Fidan stated that the discussions delved deeper into technical aspects and concrete steps, expressing optimism that a "collaborative and constructive solution is within reach."

The root of the conflict lies in a memorandum of understanding signed between Ethiopia and Somaliland in January 2024. This agreement would grant Ethiopia, the world's most populous landlocked country with over 120 million inhabitants, a 20-kilometer stretch of coastline for establishing a marine base. In return, Ethiopia would recognize Somaliland's independence, a move that Somalia vehemently opposes as a violation of its sovereignty.

Fidan has proposed an arrangement that would ensure Ethiopia's sea access through Somalia while acknowledging Somalia's territorial integrity. This proposal aims to address Ethiopia's longstanding desire for maritime access, which has been a priority since losing its coastline following Eritrea's independence in 1993.

The Turkish-led mediation efforts highlight Turkey's growing influence in the region. Since 2011, Turkey has been actively involved in Somalia's development, including investments in infrastructure and management of Mogadishu's port and airport.

"We look forward to having continued engagement that will ultimately help us resolve current differences and restore normal relations."

Somali Foreign Minister Ahmed Moallim Fiqi reaffirmed Somalia's commitment to protecting its sovereignty and territorial integrity while expressing hope for a resolution.

The ongoing dispute underscores the complex geopolitical dynamics in the Horn of Africa, a region of strategic importance due to its proximity to major shipping lanes. The potential recognition of Somaliland, which declared independence from Somalia in 1991 but lacks international recognition, could significantly alter the regional balance of power.

As the parties prepare for a third round of talks scheduled for September 17, 2024, the international community watches closely. The outcome of these negotiations could have far-reaching implications for regional stability, economic development, and the longstanding issue of Somaliland's status.

Turkey's role as mediator in this conflict exemplifies its broader strategy of expanding influence in Africa through diplomatic, economic, and military engagement. As the talks progress, the potential for a peaceful resolution to this maritime dispute offers hope for improved cooperation and stability in the Horn of Africa.