Supreme Court of Spain

The Supreme Court is the highest court in the Kingdom of Spain. The court has original jurisdiction over cases against high-ranking officials of the Kingdom and over cases regarding the legalization of political parties. It also has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all cases. The Court has the power of judicial review, except for the judicial revision on constitutional matters, reserved to the Constitutional Court.

Some of the key events about Supreme Court of Spain

1812
Established as the highest court in Spain by the Constitution of Cádiz
1870
Reorganized and given its modern structure through the Organic Law on Judicial Power
1931
Granted the power to review the constitutionality of laws under the Second Spanish Republic
1936
Supported the Nationalist faction during the Spanish Civil War, compromising judicial independence
1939
Participated in post-Civil War repression by validating politically motivated trials
1963
Upheld death sentences for political dissidents during Franco's dictatorship
1975
Failed to adequately address human rights violations committed during the Franco era
1978
Reaffirmed as Spain's highest judicial body in the post-Franco democratic constitution
1981
Delayed ruling on the legality of the attempted coup d'état, causing political uncertainty
1985
Expanded jurisdiction to include appeals on constitutional grounds through the Organic Law of the Judiciary
1995
Introduced a new Criminal Code, modernizing Spanish criminal law
1997
Controversial ruling in the GAL case, perceived as protecting state-sponsored terrorism
2005
Ruled in favor of same-sex marriage, upholding its constitutionality
2008
Suspended a judge for investigating Franco-era crimes, hindering historical memory efforts
2010
Issued a landmark decision on the rights of Basque separatists to form political parties
2015
Upheld the "Parot Doctrine," affecting sentencing for serious crimes
2017
Rejected appeals against the application of Article 155 in Catalonia, escalating political tensions
2019
Made a significant ruling on mortgage law, protecting consumers from unfair banking practices
2019
Sentenced Catalan independence leaders to lengthy prison terms, sparking widespread protests
2021
Ruled against pardons for Catalan independence leaders, contradicting government reconciliation efforts

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