U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is an independent agency of the United States federal government, created in the aftermath of the Wall Street Crash of 1929. The primary purpose of the SEC is to enforce the law against market manipulation.
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Some of the key events about U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission

  • 1934
    Established to restore investor confidence in the wake of the 1929 stock market crash
  • 1935
    Implemented registration requirements for securities offerings to increase transparency
  • 1938
    Failed to act on warnings about fraudulent practices at McKesson & Robbins, leading to a major accounting scandal
  • 1940
    Enacted the Investment Company Act and Investment Advisers Act to regulate mutual funds and investment advisors
  • 1962
    Criticized for inadequate oversight in the Billie Sol Estes fraud case involving non-existent fertilizer tanks
  • 1964
    Expanded disclosure requirements to over-the-counter stocks, enhancing investor protection
  • 1973
    Faced scrutiny for insufficient regulation leading to the collapse of equity funding corporation
  • 1975
    Abolished fixed brokerage commissions, promoting competition and reducing costs for investors
  • 1982
    Adopted Rule 10b5-1, providing a safe harbor for insider trading liability
  • 1989
    Criticized for slow response to insider trading scandals on Wall Street
  • 2000
    Implemented Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) to prevent selective disclosure of material information
  • 2001
    Failed to detect and prevent the Enron accounting fraud scandal
  • 2002
    Played a key role in implementing the Sarbanes-Oxley Act to improve corporate accountability
  • 2008
    Missed warning signs leading up to the financial crisis and collapse of major financial institutions
  • 2009
    Criticized for failing to uncover Bernard Madoff's Ponzi scheme despite numerous red flags
  • 2010
    Established a whistleblower program to incentivize reporting of securities law violations
  • 2010
    Charged with negligence in handling tips about Allen Stanford's $8 billion Ponzi scheme
  • 2012
    Faced criticism for settling cases with firms without requiring admissions of wrongdoing
  • 2016
    Accused of failing to properly oversee the credit rating agencies involved in the 2008 financial crisis
  • 2018
    Launched the Cyber Unit to combat cyber-related threats and protect retail investors in the digital age

Disclaimer: This material is written based on information taken from open sources, including Wikipedia, news media, podcasts, and other public sources.

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