Estonia

Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Lake Peipus and Russia. The territory of Estonia consists of the mainland, the larger islands of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa, and over 2,300 other islands and islets on the east coast of the Baltic Sea, covering a total area of 45,335 square kilometres (17,504 sq mi). Tallinn, the capital city, and Tartu are the two largest urban areas. The Estonian language is the indigenous and official language. It is the first language of the majority of the population of 1.4 million.

Some of the key events about Estonia

1227
The Danish invasion and conquest of northern Estonia began
1558
The Livonian War broke out, devastating much of Estonia
1710
The Great Northern War and plague killed about 70% of the Estonian population
1816
Serfdom was officially abolished in Estonia, but peasants remained economically dependent on landowners
1918
Estonia declared independence from Russia, establishing itself as a sovereign nation
1918
The Estonian War of Independence began, resulting in significant loss of life
1920
The Tartu Peace Treaty was signed, ending the Estonian War of Independence
1940
The Soviet Union occupied and annexed Estonia, ending its independence
1941
Nazi Germany occupied Estonia, leading to widespread persecution and deportations
1944
Soviet forces reoccupied Estonia, initiating a period of Stalinist repression
1949
Mass deportations of Estonians to Siberia were carried out by Soviet authorities
1986
The Chernobyl disaster affected Estonia with increased radiation levels and health concerns
1991
Estonia regained its independence from the Soviet Union through the Singing Revolution
1994
The last Russian troops withdrew from Estonian territory
2004
Estonia joined both NATO and the European Union
2005
Estonia became the first country to hold nationwide internet voting in local elections
2011
Estonia adopted the euro as its official currency
2014
Estonia became the first country to offer e-Residency, a transnational digital identity
2016
Estonia launched the world's first data embassy in Luxembourg to ensure digital continuity
2021
Estonia was elected as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council

Disclaimer: This material is written based on information taken from open sources, including Wikipedia, news media, podcasts, and other public sources.