Mongolia
Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of 1,564,116 square kilometres, with a population of just 3.5 million, making it the world's most sparsely populated sovereign state. Mongolia is the world's largest landlocked country that does not border a closed sea, and much of its area is covered by grassy steppe, with mountains to the north and west and the Gobi Desert to the south. Ulaanbaatar, the capital and largest city, is home to roughly half of the country's population.
Some of the key events about Mongolia
- 1206The Mongol Empire was founded, uniting nomadic tribes into a powerful nation
- 1206Widespread destruction and loss of life as Mongol Empire began its conquests
- 1241The Mongol Empire reached its greatest territorial extent, spanning from Eastern Europe to the Sea of Japan
- 1368Collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty in China, leading to Mongolia's decline
- 1636Manchu Qing Dynasty subjugated Inner Mongolia, splitting the Mongol people
- 1911Mongolia declared independence from the Qing Dynasty, establishing the Bogd Khanate
- 1911Outer Mongolia declared independence, but faced years of political instability
- 1919Chinese troops occupied Outer Mongolia, ending its autonomy
- 1921The Mongolian People's Republic was established, marking the beginning of socialist rule
- 1924Mongolia became a Soviet satellite state, adopting communist policies
- 1932Violent purges of Buddhist lamas and destruction of monasteries began
- 1939Battle of Khalkhin Gol resulted in significant Mongolian casualties
- 1961Mongolia joined the United Nations, gaining international recognition
- 1990Mongolia transitioned to a multi-party democracy and market economy
- 1990Economic crisis following the collapse of the Soviet Union
- 1992A new democratic constitution was adopted, establishing a parliamentary republic
- 2002The last smallpox death in the world was removed from Mongolia's records, confirming global eradication
- 2008Post-election riots in Ulaanbaatar led to five deaths and declaration of state of emergency
- 2011Mongolia experienced a mining boom, becoming one of the world's fastest-growing economies
- 2016The Tavan Tolgoi coal mine project was launched, one of the world's largest untapped coking and thermal coal deposits
Disclaimer: This material is written based on information taken from open sources, including Wikipedia, news media, podcasts, and other public sources.
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