Pakistan

Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the fifth-most populous country, with a population of over 241.5 million, having the second-largest Muslim population as of 2023. Islamabad is the nation's capital, while Karachi is its largest city and financial centre. Pakistan is the 33rd-largest country by area and the ninth-largest in Asia. Bounded by the Arabian Sea on the south, the Gulf of Oman on the southwest, and the Sir Creek on the southeast, it shares land borders with India to the east; Afghanistan to the west; Iran to the southwest; and China to the northeast. It shares a maritime border with Oman in the Gulf of Oman, and is separated from Tajikistan in the northwest by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor.

Some of the key events about Pakistan

1947
Pakistan gained independence from British rule and was established as a sovereign nation
1947
Massive displacement and violence during the Partition of India resulted in hundreds of thousands of deaths
1960
The construction of Mangla Dam, one of the world's largest earth-filled dams, was completed
1961
The Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO) was established, marking Pakistan's entry into space research
1965
The city of Islamabad was officially declared as the new capital of Pakistan
1971
Civil war led to the secession of East Pakistan and creation of Bangladesh, with significant loss of life
1977
Military coup overthrew the elected government, ushering in a period of martial law
1979
Pakistani mountaineer became the first person to climb K2, the world's second-highest mountain, in winter
1988
Pakistan held its first general election after 11 years of military rule
1988
Mysterious plane crash killed the sitting president, raising suspicions of foul play
1992
Pakistan won its first Cricket World Cup
1998
The completion of the M2 motorway connected Lahore to Islamabad, improving transportation infrastructure
1998
Nuclear weapons tests conducted, leading to international sanctions and economic difficulties
1999
Military coup deposed the elected prime minister and installed a new government
2001
Terrorist attack on the Indian parliament strained Pakistan-India relations to near war
2007
Assassination of a former prime minister during an election rally shocked the nation
2009
The Benazir Income Support Programme was launched, providing financial aid to millions of low-income families
2009
Taliban militants gained control of Swat Valley, leading to a major military operation
2014
Terrorist attack on a school in Peshawar killed 149 people, mostly children
2018
Pakistan successfully launched two indigenous satellites, demonstrating its growing capabilities in space technology

Disclaimer: This material is written based on information taken from open sources, including Wikipedia, news media, podcasts, and other public sources.